All P3 Power Points used in Lessons can be found here.
MODULE P3: FORCES FOR TRANSPORT
Level Ladders
What level am I working at? Thermometers
Item P3a: Speed
Summary: Transport and road safety provide the context for this module. The abilities to describe and
measure motion are used in the treatment of issues involving everyday transport, including potentially
hazardous situations. The safe design and operation of cars (including braking) are also covered. A number
of key ideas in this unit underpin later work for those taking P5 and P6. The experiments on vehicle speeds
allows the opportunity to collect and analyse science data using ICT tools and the interpretation of the data
using creative thought to develop theories.
Revision link - S-cool (interactive ‘lesson’ on this and next 2 items); bbc bytesize;
Item P3b: Changing Speed
Summary: In this item the idea of acceleration is developed. The concept of velocity is not used here to
avoid confusion. This is developed further in P5 and P6. Accelerations (involving the change in speed) of real
cars can be used and graphically illustrated and studied. Practical measurements of bicycles and sprint starts
can be done to collect and analyse real data. The experiments on acceleration allow the opportunity to
collect and analyse science data using ICT tools and the interpretation of the data using creative thought to
develop theories.
Revision link - bbc bitesize; Antonine (good notes and tests on this item and item 3a)
Item P3c: Forces and Motion
Summary: Before taking your driving test you need to pass a theory test. Part of this involves driving safely
and a knowledge of car stopping distances. Driving fast may be tempting but stopping safely is more
important. In this item we start to understand the effects of forces on braking and the factors which affect
stopping distances. The experiments using elastics, light gates and trolleys allows the opportunity to collect
and analyse science data using ICT tools and the interpretation of the data using creative thought to develop
theories. Work on stopping distances provides the opportunity to discuss how and why decisions about
science and technology are made, including ethical issues and the social, economic and environmental
effects of such decisions. This also provides the opportunity to illustrate that there are some questions that
science cannot answer.
Revision link - Antonine (Extensive notes); bitesize (force, mass, acceleration); bitesize (stooping moving vehicles + wieght & falling)
Item P3d: Work and Power
Summary: We do work whenever a force moves something. Transport, by its nature, is always on the
move and energy is being transferred all the time. Some vehicles are more powerful than others but they still
get us from A to B. In this item we will learn about power and the energy we use to provide it. Different
power ratings, fuel consumption, costs and associated environmental issues about car use can be used to
develop the skills of presenting information, developing an argument and drawing a conclusion using
scientific terms. This also provides the opportunity to discuss how scientific knowledge and ideas change
over time.
Revision link - bbc bitesize; S-cool (notes); Antonine (good notes), Work, Power
Item P3e Energy on the move
Summary: Transport is essential to modern life whether it be bus, train, tram, bicycle, walking or car. All
these need a source of energy which results in kinetic energy. Some vehicles use more fossil fuels than
others and this has implications for cost, pollution in our cities and future energy reserves. Other vehicles
may use bio-fuel which is renewable.
Revision link - S-cool (KE notes and questions), Kinetic energy, Stopping distances, Stopping distance of a motorbike
Item P3f Crumple Zones
Summary: Stopping cars safely involves absorbing energy. This happens in braking and also in collisions.
Injuries can be reduced by clever car design and this unit explores the science behind the safety features of
modern vehicles. Collisions are studied here in terms of energy, acceleration and force. In later units, P5
and P6, a more in depth study of collisions will involve the ideas of momentum and provides the opportunity
to discuss how scientific knowledge and ideas change over time.
Revision link - S-cool (deformation of materials - don’t need Hooke’s law); bbc bitesize, Car safety
Item P3g Falling Safely
Summary: Falling objects are usually subject to two forces at least - weight and drag. Some cars have
similar engines to others yet have very different top speeds. All this is to do with pairs of forces which may or
may not balance. These ideas are of vital importance to the parachutist and drag-racer who want to slow
down in time - safely! Investigating the falling whirly-gig, parachute or plasticine shapes provides the
opportunity to explain phenomena by developing and using scientific theories. Work on the balance of forces
illustrates the use of modelling in developing scientific understanding.
Revision link - bbc bitesize
Item P3h The energy of games and theme rides
Summary: Theme rides are designed to thrill and frighten you in a safe way. We pay good money to have
our 'gravity' distorted. Theme ride designers are experts on energy and forces. Their simple trick is to use
gravity and potential energy as the source of movement. This item will help you understand the science of
theme rides and how scientific understanding can be applied by society.
Revision link - bitesize
- P3a - Speed
- P3b - Changing Speed
- P3c - Forces and Motion
- P3d - Work and Power
- P3e - Energy on the Move
- P3f - Crumple Zones
- P3g - Falling Safety
- P3h - The Energy of Game and Theme Rides
What level am I working at? Thermometers
Item P3a: Speed
Summary: Transport and road safety provide the context for this module. The abilities to describe and
measure motion are used in the treatment of issues involving everyday transport, including potentially
hazardous situations. The safe design and operation of cars (including braking) are also covered. A number
of key ideas in this unit underpin later work for those taking P5 and P6. The experiments on vehicle speeds
allows the opportunity to collect and analyse science data using ICT tools and the interpretation of the data
using creative thought to develop theories.
Revision link - S-cool (interactive ‘lesson’ on this and next 2 items); bbc bytesize;
Item P3b: Changing Speed
Summary: In this item the idea of acceleration is developed. The concept of velocity is not used here to
avoid confusion. This is developed further in P5 and P6. Accelerations (involving the change in speed) of real
cars can be used and graphically illustrated and studied. Practical measurements of bicycles and sprint starts
can be done to collect and analyse real data. The experiments on acceleration allow the opportunity to
collect and analyse science data using ICT tools and the interpretation of the data using creative thought to
develop theories.
Revision link - bbc bitesize; Antonine (good notes and tests on this item and item 3a)
Item P3c: Forces and Motion
Summary: Before taking your driving test you need to pass a theory test. Part of this involves driving safely
and a knowledge of car stopping distances. Driving fast may be tempting but stopping safely is more
important. In this item we start to understand the effects of forces on braking and the factors which affect
stopping distances. The experiments using elastics, light gates and trolleys allows the opportunity to collect
and analyse science data using ICT tools and the interpretation of the data using creative thought to develop
theories. Work on stopping distances provides the opportunity to discuss how and why decisions about
science and technology are made, including ethical issues and the social, economic and environmental
effects of such decisions. This also provides the opportunity to illustrate that there are some questions that
science cannot answer.
Revision link - Antonine (Extensive notes); bitesize (force, mass, acceleration); bitesize (stooping moving vehicles + wieght & falling)
Item P3d: Work and Power
Summary: We do work whenever a force moves something. Transport, by its nature, is always on the
move and energy is being transferred all the time. Some vehicles are more powerful than others but they still
get us from A to B. In this item we will learn about power and the energy we use to provide it. Different
power ratings, fuel consumption, costs and associated environmental issues about car use can be used to
develop the skills of presenting information, developing an argument and drawing a conclusion using
scientific terms. This also provides the opportunity to discuss how scientific knowledge and ideas change
over time.
Revision link - bbc bitesize; S-cool (notes); Antonine (good notes), Work, Power
Item P3e Energy on the move
Summary: Transport is essential to modern life whether it be bus, train, tram, bicycle, walking or car. All
these need a source of energy which results in kinetic energy. Some vehicles use more fossil fuels than
others and this has implications for cost, pollution in our cities and future energy reserves. Other vehicles
may use bio-fuel which is renewable.
Revision link - S-cool (KE notes and questions), Kinetic energy, Stopping distances, Stopping distance of a motorbike
Item P3f Crumple Zones
Summary: Stopping cars safely involves absorbing energy. This happens in braking and also in collisions.
Injuries can be reduced by clever car design and this unit explores the science behind the safety features of
modern vehicles. Collisions are studied here in terms of energy, acceleration and force. In later units, P5
and P6, a more in depth study of collisions will involve the ideas of momentum and provides the opportunity
to discuss how scientific knowledge and ideas change over time.
Revision link - S-cool (deformation of materials - don’t need Hooke’s law); bbc bitesize, Car safety
Item P3g Falling Safely
Summary: Falling objects are usually subject to two forces at least - weight and drag. Some cars have
similar engines to others yet have very different top speeds. All this is to do with pairs of forces which may or
may not balance. These ideas are of vital importance to the parachutist and drag-racer who want to slow
down in time - safely! Investigating the falling whirly-gig, parachute or plasticine shapes provides the
opportunity to explain phenomena by developing and using scientific theories. Work on the balance of forces
illustrates the use of modelling in developing scientific understanding.
Revision link - bbc bitesize
Item P3h The energy of games and theme rides
Summary: Theme rides are designed to thrill and frighten you in a safe way. We pay good money to have
our 'gravity' distorted. Theme ride designers are experts on energy and forces. Their simple trick is to use
gravity and potential energy as the source of movement. This item will help you understand the science of
theme rides and how scientific understanding can be applied by society.
Revision link - bitesize
P3 Related Videos
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Homework Documentaries
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